Science and Technology

Science and technology is a term of art used to encompass the relationship between science human and technology. It frequently appears within titles of academic disciplines (science and technology studies) and government offices.

Science and technology may be partly responsible for many of the problems that face us today. The problems are the advancement of weapons, bombs, biochemical and nuclear weapon, which brought us violence amongst ourselves and others. Another problem is human dependences on technology, such as the internet, computers, cell phones etc. Yet one of the biggest problems is pollution. Three types of pollution that dominate they are water, air and noise pollution. 

Water is one of the several resources that we need most, many people can survive without food for several weeks but they cannot survive without water for less then a week. According to Water Pollution web site “millions of liters of water are needed every day worldwide for washing, irrigating crops, and cooling industrial processes.” The advancement of science and technology causes much water pollution, such as dumping toxic waste into rivers, ponds, oceans, and even small creeks. For example, many Third World countries that are trying to get their country industrialized lack the funds to dispose of their wastes probably. But instead, they dump their toxic pollutants into surrounding bodies of water. All of the toxins that they dump, can be washed out into the rivers, seas, or oceans can contaminate our water we use everyday to wash our face, hands, clean our dishes, and much more. 

The air that we breath everyday to keep us alive, imagine if the air are been polluted through our industrial everyday. According to Air Pollution and Respiratory Health web site, “In 1991 American industry emitted more than 2.4 billion pounds of toxic pollutants into the atmosphere. In 1991, 98 areas exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency's recommended levels for ozone, and an estimated 140 million Americans lived in those areas.” Of all those pollution in the atmosphere and over thousand, even hundred of thousand as breathing it everyday it can cause many health problems to a lot of people. The advancement of our industrial not only causes us health problem only but it also depleting our ozone and cause us global warming. The technologies that we build some of them which contain CFC Chlorofluorocarbon, a compound consisting of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon, CFC are commonly been used in refrigerators, solvents, cars, and many more. The CFC can break down by strong ultraviolet light in the stratosphere and release chlorine atoms that then deplete the ozone layer. If the ozone layer been depleted the ultraviolet light will go through and can cause us skins cancer. 


The advancement of science and technology affected us in many negative ways in term of destruction, pollution, insecurity in daily life, and health problem. Weapons which brought destruction and which help to created war. Harmful affects of chemical such as CFC in our cars, refrigerator, and machinery that destroy the ozone, which protect us from the heat of the sun and also prevent us from have skins cancer. The more machineries and technology we built the more resources we need. The more natural habitat will be destroy so people could get those resources, and the natural habitat is to help us from polluting the air and protect our ozone. So science and technology are responsible for many of the problems that face us today.

 The actual problems are about how humans use technology. The "solutions" are not specific, but rather determined on the purpose of using technology and the reliance on technology. If we can use technology for constructive purposes and minimize the reliance on technology, there will be no "problems".

Piracy

Piracy refers to the unauthorized duplication of copyrighted content that is then sold at substantially lower prices in the 'grey' market. The ease of access to technology has meant that over the years, piracy has become more rampant. For example, CD writers are available off the shelf at very low prices, making music piracy a simple affair.

 Many laws have been made to prevent privacy. Internationally, the laws for punishing piracy in developed countries are stringent and punitive in nature. In Asian countries and more in India too, it does not get the attention at the national level due to more engaging issues at hand. However, the industry, especially the IT and music industry, has been taking active interest in stemming the rot. These organizations identify sources of music piracy and then conduct raids with the help of the police. However, convictions are few and the penalties not harsh enough to act as a deterrent.

Piracy is done in many ways like video piracy, cable piracy, and DVD/CD piracy. Video piracy takes place when a film is produced in the form of a videocassette without proper authorization from the right holder i.e. the producer. Often, film producers sell video rights to another party (generally after six weeks or more of release in theatres), which makes video cassettes for selling, or lending.

The videocassettes on sale are meant for home viewing only. Cable piracy refers to unauthorised transmission of films through cable network. Very often, films, especially the new releases, are shown through cable without permission from the rights holder. Piracy is a rare phenomenon in satellite channels because these are organised and generally do not show films without buying proper rights.

Music piracy refers to the unauthorised replication of music cassettes that flood the market as soon as the launch of a new release. Music companies' revenues hit hard by the deluge of pirated compact discs and cassettes, as these are available at substantially lower prices compared to that at stores.

DVD/VCD piracy of Indian films happens in the international markets. The prints sent for overseas screening of the film are pirated, typically at any of the Middle East country airports. DVD/VCD prints are prepared and are send to Pakistan. From Pakistan, these prints may even travel to Nepal and enter the country by land.
Why it is a problem?

Software piracy is a real problem, Especially Furniture Businesses to Develop and market the software. Piracy Costs Billions of dollars companies. On a global scale, software piracy dropped just 1 percent from 2009 to 2010 - to 42 percent. The Highest piracy rate Central and Eastern Belongs to Europe at 64 percent; in North America, 21 percent of software used in 2010 was pirated in 2010 The total cost of software piracy around the world came to an estimated $ 59 billion, Nearly double the cost to Businesses in 2003 [source: Business Software Alliance]. One of the largest counterfeit operations made ​​news in the past Furnishings FEW years targeted Microsoft's operating systems and other products. These pirates managed to sell $ 2 billion worth of coal more of illegal merchandise in 27 Different Countries.

Solution:

Since 2008, people has been fighting piracy and protecting content with innovative methods and technology which have proven to be the most effective in the industry. We operate efficiently, and aggressively to resolve existing piracy problems, and work with clients to maintain enforcement prior to, during, and post-release. We are here to help. Our methods are proven. There are no alternatives.

Income Inequality

There is a fact existing about inquality in the world ,also known as a very famous principle: Pareto. 80–20 rule, the law of the vital few, and the principle of factor sparsity) states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. In 1906,Pareto observed that 80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population; Pareto developed the principle by observing that 20% of the pea pods in his garden contained 80% of the peas.Therefore,we can see that 80% of the world’s money belong to 20% of the population in the world known as “the richest”.

The cause of this income inequality, I think the main things here is the different of education level because, the higher level of education can make lots and lots of money  cause of there job. Lower education level that can not get in to a good company  will or may turn to a worker. And you know, worker even those they have to work like 12 hours a day but can not earn enought money that the higher education level earn. And there are lots of thing that may be the cause of income inquality like because of luck, orientation ,……

Evaluation: The distinction of  rich people and poor people. That’s taken as unfair. Minght  be in social survice. Rich people could pay a lot of money to healing but poor people can not. Rich people are always welcomed but poor people are not. But income inequality still has its positive effect: rich people get what they deserved because they’ve work hard to earn lots of money.

Solution:

_Anti dicrimination: poor people and rich people are welcome at the same way.

_Support social service: Free school

                                   Free healthcare

_Civil education : educate citizen to respect of personal honor than dirty money.

War and conflict related to Organization.

I)United Nation Security  Council.

What is United Nation Security  Council.?The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeepingoperations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The Security Council held its first session on 17 January 1946.

History of United Nation Security Council?The earliest concrete plan for a new world organization was begun under the aegis of the US State Department in 1939. US President Franklin D. Roosevelt first coined the term 'United Nations' as a term to describe the Allied countries. The term was first officially used on 1 January 1942, when 26 governments signed the Atlantic Charter.

The Veto Power Of the United Nation Security Council.

The "power of veto" refers to the veto power wielded solely by the permanent members, enabling them to prevent the adoption of any "substantive" draft Council resolution, regardless of the level of international support for the draft. The veto does not apply to procedural votes, which is significant in that the Security Council's permanent membership can vote against a "procedural" draft resolution, without necessarily blocking its adoption by the Council.

The veto is exercised when any permanent member—the so-called "P5"—casts a "negative" vote on a "substantive" draft resolution. Abstention or absence from the vote by a permanent member does not prevent a draft resolution from being adopted.

II) The European Union 

What is The European Union ?

The European Union (EU) is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are primarily located inEurope. The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmentalnegotiated decisions by the member states. Institutions of the EU include the European Commission, theCouncil of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens.

History of The European Union?

The European Union was formally established when the Maastricht Treaty—whose main architects were Helmut Kohl andFrançois Mitterrand—came into force on 1 November 1993. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU. In 2002, euro banknotes and coins replaced national currencies in 12 of the member states. Since then, the eurozone has increased to encompass 18 countries. In 2004, the EU saw its biggest enlargement to date when Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia,Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the Union.

What has European Union done for us?

Safer and Cheaper Flights

The EU has provided us with not only safer flights but also cheaper flights and increased competition between carriers registered in the Member States. Cheaper flights are the knock-on effect of a huge improvement in air traffic management and increased competition.

Student Exchange Programmes

Within the last 10 years the EU has created different education programmes in order to give students the possibility to experience different national cultures and broaden their personal horizon. Up to now 1.2 million students have benefited from the ERASMUS Programme and many more are expected to experience it in the future.

The Single Market

The Single Market is one of a kind as it guarantees ‘free movement' of people, goods, services and capital. At a practical level, it provides the possibility for EU citizens to live, work, study and do business throughout the EU, as well as enjoy a wide choice of competitively priced goods and services.

Protection of Intellectual Property

Intellectual property deals with two areas: industrial property and copyrights. Basically, it means that you are not allowed to use somebody else's ideas, for example, if your best friend has written lyrics to a song, you can not publish it in your name. The EU's efforts in this area have resulted in laws aiming at protecting company's or individual's knowledge.

External Trade

External trade for Europe has always been very important to the success of the European Union. In recent years our level of trade has increased and we are continuing to grow as major players in the world of trade. Today, the EU accounts for 20% of global imports and exports and is now the world's biggest trader.